Emergency Surgeries during Covid

One of the challenges in health care during the ongoing covid-19 pandemic has been emergency surgeries. In a time wherein there was no clear guideline, managing emergency surgeries was a huge challenge. There were papers from the western world suggesting 25% morbidity in surgeries during the covid pandemic. The guidelines on pre-op testing for covid 19 were not clear.

There is tremendous fear amongst patients to seek immediate medical consultation during the ongoing pandemic. As a result of this most of the patients are presenting at the hospital in late-stage or severe pain.

This was noticed in the majority of the patients during the lockdown period. This was noticed in patients suffering from piles & fistula.
“Almost all the pilesтАЩ patients presented with severe pre-rectal bleeding or in severe pain,тАЭ says Dr Ashwin Porwal.
They were operated on with minimally invasive Laser Haemorrhoidoplasty under universal precaution.

“Many patients of Fistula in Ano presented with abscess due to late presentation. They were operated under emergency with minimally invasive DLPL laser surgery for fistula”, says Proctologist Dr Ashwin Porwal at Healing Hands Clinic.

There were 4 cases of Fourniers gangrene with uncontrolled diabetes with early sepsis. Emergency ambulance pick-up was arranged for such patients during the lockdown. Early surgery could prevent severe sepsis with faster recovery, Says Surgeon Dr Paresh Gandhi.

“All patients were operated under spinal anaesthesia to decrease the risk of transmission due to covid pandemic”, says anaesthetist Dr Nitin Nachane.

“Open 3D mesh repair was preferred over the laparoscopic repair for obstructed hernia considering the greater risk of transmission during the covid pandemic”, says Laparoscopic Surgeon Dr Deepak Kulkarni.

Many of the outstation patients who were operated on in early March for complex fistula couldnтАЩt come for follow up due to lockdown. They developed premature closure of the wound. Which eventually developed into pus leading to an abscess. Evaluation under anaesthesia was performed on all such cases to drain the pus. This normally would not have happened if the follow-up dressing was not skipped.

Contracting Covid from asymptomatic patients is always a risk amongst health care workers. To minimise this strict universal precaution were taken. As a result of this none of the hospital staff contracted covid 19.

Universal Precautions for Covid
1.PPE kits were used for OT staff
2.Social distancing was maintained throughout from consultation to surgery.
3.Sanitisation was practised from door to door
4.Daily sanitisation of Rooms and hospital
5.Private rooms were allocated to all patients.
6.Only one attendant per patient was allowed
7.Patients were trained to use the mask in the right way.
8.Screening of all patients before entering the waiting room. History of travel, cough, fever was ruled out. Temperature and SPO2 check for all the patients on admission

Source: Healing Hands Clinic

One such case with uncontrolled diabetes presented in a very late stage due to lockdown.
The patient was suffering from a complex recurrent fistula for the last 1 year.
Excessive sitting at one place and limited activity due to lockdown was the possible cause for his recent increase in blood sugar levels. He started having pain in the buttocks 5 days before coming to us in an emergency. He self-treated the condition considering it as piles. Severe pain with fever prompted him to visit us. He underwent emergency FiLaC surgery for fistula and the abscess was drained. He took a longer time for the healing.

Questions & Answers
1.Why patients with piles and fistula who did not seek medical care during lockdown are taking a long time to heal now?

Answer : Usually 70% of patients coming to us for piles are treated with medicines and diet as they are diagnosed in an early stage. But now they are presenting in the late stages of the diseases with symptoms like severe pain or bleeding. Once the piles are in grade 3 or grade 4, medical management has a limited role. We are offering them Laser Surgery for same.
Patients with fissure who will normally respond to medications in 2 weeks are now taking minimum of 4-6 weeks for recovery with medications.
Patients suffering from Fistula are presenting in severe pain or fever due to abscess. Such patients need emergency surgery. But because of the active infection, healing is slow after surgery. Few complex cases might take 2-3 Months for complete healing after complex fistula surgery. Few patients need weekly follow up after fistula surgery but they are scared to travel due to lockdown. All these factors delay the healing and recovery time.

2.How seeking medical care in time helps in faster recovery?

Answer : Early diagnosis is the key to medical success and good quality of life. If piles are diagnosed in grade one or early grade 2 they can be cured with a specialised kit called PILOKIT which is 15 days course. It consists of innovative pilospray for instant relief without touching the sore anus. Pilotab for inflamed piles and Constitab for constipation.
Also, the uncomplicated fistula will heal very fast with laser surgery.

3.What are the various types of complications that patients with piles and fistula land up with when they delay treatment?

Answer : Patients in grade 3 and grade 4 piles will land up in severe per rectal bleeding with drop-in Haemoglobin. We saw many patients in bleeding who were having comorbid cardiac conditions and were taking blood thinners.
Few patients with abscess in existing fistula presented with early sepsis due to uncontrolled diabetes.
Few patients presented in severe sepsis with a morbid condition Called as Fourniers gangrene.

4.Is there any subset of patients who could have recovered with conservative treatment but now they had to undergo surgery as the disease progressed due to delay in seeking medical care during a lockdown ?

Answer : Most the patients with Acute fissure if treated in time are cured with medications.
But untreated fissure with severe pain or when it gets complicated into abscess or fistula will need surgery.

Dr Ashwin Porwal
Consultant ColoRectal Surgeon
Founder Healing Hands Clinic

Complications rise among piles patients in shutdown

Complications rise among piles patients in shutdown

A sizable number of people with piles and fistula are taking longer to get cured as most of them are delaying medical care in the wake of the coronavirus triggered lockdowns, resulting in complications.

тАЬUsually, 70% of patients with piles are treated with medicines and dietary changes as they get diagnosed in an early stage. However, owing to the extended lockdown in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, a sizable number of patients are presenting in late stages of the disease with symptoms like severe pain and bleeding,тАЭ said consultant colorectal surgeon Ashwin Porwal of Healing Hands Clinic.

Once the haemorrhoids (piles) are in grade III or IV stages, medical management has a limited role.

тАЬMost of these patients with progression of piles are being treated with laser surgery when medication and lifestyle modifications could have been enough to do the trick if they had approached us early,тАЭ Porwal said.

Similarly, patients with an anal fissure, a small tear or crack in the lining of the anus, who normally respond to medications in two weeks are now taking a minimum of 4-6 weeks for recovery with medications. тАЬPatients with fistula, a tunnel that runs from inside the anus, are also approaching us after developing severe pain or fever due to abscess (collection of pus). Quite a few of them even required emergency surgery,тАЭ Porwal said.

Many of the outstation patients who were operated in early March (before the lockdown) for complex fistula couldnтАЩt come for follow up due to the lockdown.

тАЬThey developed premature closure of the wound, which developed into pus leading to an abscess. This would not have happened if the follow-up dressing was not skipped,тАЭ laparoscopic surgeon Deepak Kulkarni said.

Healing is slow in such patients even after surgery.

тАЬPatients need weekly follow up after surgery. But the frequent lockdowns made them reluctant to venture out for follow up, delaying the healing and recovery,тАЭ said anaesthetist Nitin Nachane.

Contracting Covid-19 from infected but asymptomatic patients is always a risk for healthcare workers as much as other patients.

тАЬTo minimize this, strict universal precautions are being taken. Post-surgery, patients are put on immunity-boosting medications like Curcumin and vitamin D for two weeks. None of our patients have developed Covid-19 during hospital stays and even after the surgery so far,тАЭ Porwal said.

Experts also stressed against indulging in self-medication amid Covid-19 infection fears.

тАЬIt is always better to reach out to the medical practitioner via online or video chats or simple call,тАЭ an expert said.

Reference

Pruritus Ani: The Embarrassing Itch

Itching of the skin around the anus can be agonizing especially if one is stranded in a public place with no escape in view. More often than not the cause behind this itch is easily addressed. Occasionally however, persistent severe itching can cause psychological stress to the sufferer and needs in-depth evaluation.

What is Pruritus ani?
Pruritus ani is defined as chronic, moderate to intense itching of the skin around the anal opening.
It affects 1-5% of the population and is more commonly found in men. Once itching occurs, it can lead to a vicious itch-scratch-itch cycle.

Causes of Pruritus ani

тАв Fecal Contamination

Prolonged contact of the skin with fecal matter can cause irritation with resultant pruritus. Inadequate cleansing can leave stool and sweat residue which acts as irritant. Most of these individuals have loose stools or mucous seepage. Abnormal anal sphincter relaxation can also cause soiling. This kind of itch is usually relieved by washing the area. However, underlying pathology, if any, needs to be addressed.

тАв Anorectal disorders

Anorectal conditions like Hemorrhoids (Piles) and Fissure can precipitate peri-anal itch. External hemorrhoids that are large can interfere with post-defecation cleansing. Internal hemorrhoids, on the other hand, can cause mucous seepage or fecal soiling and resultant pruritus. Anal Fissures can also cause itching due to inflammation. Anal Fistula or Fistula-in-ano with an external opening in the region, can lead to discharge of pus or fecal matter and consequent itching.

тАв Infections

Fungal infections are common in the area, especially among diabetics who are prone to Candidiasis. Infection with threadworms/pinworms is also common, especially among children. Viral infections can also cause pruritus

тАв Allergy

Chemicals found in creams, wet wipes, soaps etc. can cause Allergic Contact Dermatitis.

тАв Skin conditions

Psoriasis, lichen sclerosis, PagetтАЩs disease, peri-anal BowenтАЩs disease etc. can also can pruritus ani.

тАв Other factors

Certain foods like caffeinated drinks, spices, peanuts, tomatoes etc. can cause peri-anal itching. Relief is attained within 2 weeks of stopping the causative food.
Aggressive cleaning can cause dryness of the skin and thus itching.
Psychological factors like anxiety, stress or depression maybe associated with pruritus ani.
Similarly, aggressive cleansing can cause dryness in the area and itching.

Dealing with Pruritus ani

To get rid of peri-anal itching, the underlying cause needs to be addressed. One should wear loose, cotton clothing, especially at night, which gives an opportunity for ventilation. Following a bowel movement, the area should be gently cleaned with water or simple tissue moistened with water or with peri-anal wipes. One should avoid the use of soaps in the area. Associated symptoms, if any, point to an underlying pathology. Anorectal conditions like piles, fissure and fistula are treated by a Proctologist. Peri-anal skin conditions, infections and allergies are treated by a Dermatologist.

Novel Laser Cure for Anal Fistula

Fistula-in-ano, a silent yet agonizing ailment, has always posed a treatment challenge to surgeons worldwide. The refractory nature of Fistula along with its tendency to recur continues to leave the best doctors perplexed. Consequently, those suffering from this condition find themselves anxiously searching for a definitive cure. In light of this scenario, Dr. Ashwin Porwal, renowned Proctologist and founder of Healing Hands Clinic, India, set out on devising a technique called DLPL that provides an assured and lasting cure.

Anal Fistula aka Fistula-in-ano is an abnormal track that forms between the anal canal and the skin around the anus. It is commonly associated with a collection of pus in the bottom area called Rectal Abscess. Symptoms may be due to the underlying Abscess or due to Fistula per se. This includes throbbing pain, oozing of pus/watery fluid, swelling, itching and foul odor. Diagnosis is confirmed by a simple test called Proctoscopy. For a detailed study of the abscesses and track branching, Dr. Porwal introduced 3D Endo-anal Imaging. This imaging can also be used intra-operatively thus increasing the precision of the surgery.

Until recent times, Fistula was treated using different techniques like Fistulectomy, VAAFT, LIFT, Ksharsutra, Fistula Plug etc. However, these conventional techniques were quite painful or had high recurrence rates. Being a Proctologist, Dr. Porwal would come across a large number of previously treated Fistula cases who were rendered helpless after recurrences. Subsequently, he developed his own technique DLPL (Distal Laser Proximal Ligation). In this procedure, any abscess cavity along with the internal opening is first excised. This is followed by the closure of the distal tract. The proximal part of the fistula track is then sealed with the Laser energy. With the radially emitting fiber of the laser, energy is applied circumferentially to the track ensuring itтАЩs complete ablation. Complete healing takes about 8 weeks on average.

Using this technique Dr. Porwal has treated Complex and Recurrent Fistulae with noteworthy success. Patients from across the globe come to Healing Hands Clinic in the hope of a cure. Dr. Porwal has presented numerous research papers at national and international conferences. The benefits of DLPL will definitely bring hope to despondent patients of Fistula who muddle along for years in search of a cure.

Understanding Constipation and It’s Treatment

Constipation and It's Treatment

With a lot of humor centered around it, constipation is as much a topic of laughter for the audience as it is an agony for the sufferers. Constipation, basically, is a change in your normal bowel movements; going less frequently than you usually do, passing hard, dry stools, or straining when you defecate. In chronic cases it can lead to complications like piles, fissure and prolapse, and hence choosing to seek advice is much wiser than accepting it as an inevitable pattern of your digestive system.

A lot of times attempts at getting rid of constipation fail as treatment is unidimensional, being directed only towards the obvious reason, when it is in fact,caused by an array of factors. Taking this into consideration, Healing Hands Clinic, a comprehensive center for digestive diseases offers a multi-pronged approach for curing constipation. For those in whom it is caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, there is MCDPA, a treatment strategy formulated by Dr Ashwin Porwal, Founder of the clinic and amongst IndiaтАЩs leading proctologists. This therapy includes a combination of herbal laxative medicines, nutrition counselling, physiotherapy to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor and Ayurvedic oil therapy. This treatment strategy proves extremely beneficial when followed with compliance. For those in whom constipation is an occasional problem or who are seeking a detox, there is Colon Hydrotherapy, a cleansing technique that uses temperature and pressure-controlled water to flush out the intestines. The clinic is further equipped with Biofeedback Therapy to train the pelvic muscles for proper evacuation.

Dr Porwal, who introduced 3D Endo-anal Imaging in India says that this test helps to diagnose more complicated causes in chronic sufferers. In cases where there is an anatomical problem like rectocele or for those having Obstructed Defecation Syndrome, there is hope in the form of STARR surgery, a technique that provides excellent results.


For appointments:

Healing Hands Clinic
Pune Station / Tilak Rd: 88882 88884
Wanowrie: 88885 22226
Baner: 88886 22221
Chinchwad: 88882 00004
Chakan: 88882 96666
Kothrud: 85759 99993
Website: www.healinghandsclinic.co.in
Email: info@healinghandsclinic.co.in

Laser to cure pilonidal sinus

Laser Cure Pilonidal Sinus

Extended hours of sitting, either in front of the computer or preparing for competitive exams has led to rise in the incidence of Pilonidal Sinus amongst youngsters. Notoriously called as Jeep DriverтАЩs Disease, this condition that is found in the tailbone area, is now a trouble for the young urban population. Proctologists at Healing Hands Clinic shed some light on this topic.

What is a Pilonidal Sinus?
The word Pilonidal means a nest of hair within a sac, whereas sinus tract is a narrow passage anywhere within the body. Thus, Pilonidal Sinus is a cyst (small sac) or tunnel in the skin that usually develops over the tailbone at the top of the cleft between the buttocks. The cyst usually contains hair and debris.

What are the causes of this condition?
The condition is more common in males, especially young adults. ItтАЩs seen in people who sit for long hours at a stretch, for ex. students, IT professionals, drivers. Men with thick, curly and coarse body hair are especially susceptible. Having a deep cleft between the buttocks also makes one prone to it. Obesity and family history are other causes.

What are the symptoms?
A person suffering from Pilonidal Sinus would usually have recurring episodes of pain or swelling in the tailbone area. There may be a yellowish pus-like or bloody discharge that may be foul-smelling. Sometimes, there is no discharge but a painful lump under the skin of that area. Certain activities like riding a bicycle or doing sit-ups may be uncomfortable.

How is it treated?
Thanks to advances in medicine, Laser is proving an excellent modality of treatment. The procedure called Laser Pilonidotomy is minimally invasive with faster wound healing as compared to the older techniques. Patients are discharged home the same day; they can perform all their chores and join office by the next day.

Healing Hands Clinic is certified Centre of Excellence in Proctology by world-renowned colorectal surgeon, Dr Antonio Longo.

For appointments:
Healing Hands Clinic
Pune: 8888288884
Navi Mumbai: 88881 66667
Mumbai: 8888266664
Nasik: 8888366662

Website: www.healinghandsclinic.co.in
Email: info@healinghandsclinic.co.in

What you need to know about Piles

Everything you need to know about piles | piles symptoms | piles treatment | piles
cure | piles surgery

Studies suggest that by age 50, about half the population has experienced one or more symptoms of Piles. These include itching, bleeding on passing stools, pain and prolapse (where a mass is felt in the anal area). Piles aka Hemorrhoids can significantly disturb well-being of an individual.

Causes

тЧП Long standing constipation
тЧП Hard stools
тЧП Pregnancy
тЧП Excessive straining during defecation
тЧП Chronic cough

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins of the rectum and anus. When veins of the lower rectum swell, they are called Internal Hemorrhoids, which are typically associated with painless bleeding. When the swelling occurs in veins under the skin around the anus, they are called External Hemorrhoids and cause considerable discomfort.

Proctology is a specialty of medicine that deals with conditions like piles, fissure, fistula, constipation, pilonidal sinus etc. Healing Hands Clinic founded by Dr Ashwin Porwal aims to provide cutting-edge treatment for these conditions. Hemorrhoids are treated depending upon their grade. Grade 1 which is the earliest stage is treated holistically by MCDPA, which is a combination of herbal medicines, pelvic floor physiotherapy and dietary changes. Grade 2 and 3 are associated with mass coming out of the anal opening which goes back spontaneously or with manipulation respectively. These grades are treated using Diode Laser by a technique called Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty. Laser provides a quick, effective and safe treatment option. When the disease reaches grade 4, the protruded mass (prolapse) remains outside the body. At this stage, Stapler Hemorrhoidectomy is done. Stapler surgery ensures complete removal of protruding mass and leaves no chance for recurrence. When done by an expert, these procedures donтАЩt harm the anal sphincter, thus control over motion remains intact. Patient can go home within 24 hours and get back to routine work by 3rd day.

For appointments:
Healing Hands Clinic

Website: www.healinghandsclinic.co.in
Email: info@healinghandsclinic.co.in

Here is what you need to know about the new treatment for fistula

Treatment for fistula

With technological advances in medical field, we are witnessing great developments in treatment of various diseases. These advancements are further validated by impeccable medical expertise and that is exactly what super-speciality Proctology centre Healing Hands Clinic offers to all its patients. Proctology is a branch of medicine that deals with anorectal conditions like Piles, Fistula, Constipation, Fissure, Pilonidal Sinus and Prolapse amongst others.
What Is an Anal Fistula?
In its simplest form, it is a tunnel with one opening inside the lining of your anus and another opening in the skin of your butt. The noticeable symptoms include opening in the skin of the buttock with discharge of blood or foul-smelling pus, redness and swelling, and pain.
Laser: An assured treatment modality for Fistula
Fistula is a complex disease. It hardly ever recovers on its own, and once formed, needs some degree of surgical intervention. Ultimately, the aim of any fistula treatment is, firstly, to get rid of the tract while saving the sphincter muscle. Secondly, the treatment should be such that chances of recurrence are minimal. The latest improvisations on the conventional ways to treat fistula include procedures like FiLaC (Fistula Laser Closure) and DLPL (Distal Laser Proximal Ligation). The principle behind these techniques is to use defined energy to circumferentially vaporize and close the fistula tract while sparing the muscle around it. Laser is quick, precise, and the post-procedure healing is excellent. DLPL provides promising results in complicated and recurrent cases.
Fistula is notorious for its recurrence or its tendency to come back after treatment. However, a large number of Recurrent Fistulas have been successfully cured at Healing Hands. The statistics so far state that on an average there are about 30% chances of recurrence in treated cases of Fistula. At Healing Hands, the numbers are at a mere 2% which clearly exhibits a sturdy success rate of the surgical expertise offered here. Research papers on DLPL have been presented at various national and international conferences and the procedure has received a thumbs-up from the surgical community.

For appointments:
Healing Hands Clinic
Pune Station / Tilak Rd: 88882 88884
Kondhwa: 88885 22226
Baner: 88886 22221
Chinchwad: 88882 00004
Chakan: 88882 96666
Website: www.healinghandsclinic.co.in
Email: info@healinghandsclinic.co.in

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рдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдарддрд╛

рдордзреНрдпрдВрддрд░реА рдПрдХ рдмреЙрд▓рд┐рд╡реВрдб рдмреНрд▓реЙрдХрдмрд╕реНрдЯрд░ рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░рдкрдЯ рдЖрд▓рд╛ рд╣реЛрддрд╛. рддреНрдпрд╛ рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░рдкрдЯрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдордзреНрдпрд╡рд░реНрддреА рд╕рдВрдХрд▓реНрдкрдиреЗрдд тАШрдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдЯрддрд╛тАЩрдЪрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдЕрд╕рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдиреЗ рдкреНрд░реЗрдХреНрд╖рдХрд╛рдВрдЪрдВ рдирд┐рдЦрд│ рдордиреЛрд░рдВрдЬрди рдЭрд╛рд▓рдВ рдЦрд░рдВ рдкрд░рдВрддреБ рд╣рд╛ рддреНрд░рд╛рд╕ рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рд╣реЛрддреЛ, рддреЗрдЪ рддреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рд╡реНрдпрдерд╛ рд╕рдордЬреВ рд╢рдХрддрд╛рдд. рдЖрддрдбреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреА рд╣рд╛рд▓рд╛рдЪрд╛рд▓реАрдд рдмрд┐рдШрд╛рдб рдЭрд╛рд▓рд╛ рдХреА рдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдарддреЗрдЪрд╛ рддреНрд░рд╛рд╕ рд╕реБрд░реВ рд╣реЛрддреЛ. рд╣рд╛ рддреНрд░рд╛рд╕ рд╕реБрд░реВ рдЭрд╛рд▓рд╛ рдХреА, рд╕рд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдгрдкрдгреЗ рддреБрдореНрд╣реА рдЬрд┐рддрдХреНрдпрд╛рд╡реЗрд│рд╛ рд╢реМрдЪрд╛рд╕ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рддреНрдпрд╛рдкреЗрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдХрдореА рд╡реЗрд│рд╛ рдЬрд╛рдК рд▓рд╛рдЧрддрд╛, рдорд▓рд╡рд┐рд╕рд░реНрдЬрдирд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛рд╡реЗрд│реЗрд╕ рддрд╛рдг рдпреЗрдК рд▓рд╛рдЧрддреЛ, рд╢реМрдЪрд╛рдЪреА рдЬрд╛рдЧрд╛ рдХреЛрд░рдбреА рд╣реЛрддреЗ. рдХрд╛рд╣реАрд╡реЗрд│рд╛ рддрд░ рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдз, рдлрд┐рд╢рд░, рд╕реВрдЬ рдпреЗрдгреЗ рдЕрд╕рд╛ рдЧрдВрднреАрд░ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реВрдкрд╛рдЪрд╛ рддреНрд░рд╛рд╕рд╣реА рд╣реЛрддреЛ. рдкрдг рдЖрдкрдг рдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдарддрд╛ рдирд╛ рдореНрд╣рдгрдЬреЗ тАШрдмрд┐рдШрдбрд▓реЗрд▓реА рдкрдЪрдирд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛тАЩ рдЕрд╕рдВ рд╕рд░рд│рд╕реЛрдЯ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реВрди рдирд┐рдореВрдЯ рд╕рд╣рди рдХрд░рдд рд░рд╛рд╣рддреЛ. рдЦрд░рдВрддрд░ рдЙрдЧреАрдЪ рдЕрд╕рдВ рд╕рд╣рди рдХрд░рдд рд░рд╛рд╣рдгреНрдпрд╛рдкреЗрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдарддреЗрд╡рд░ рдЙрдкрд╛рдп рдХрд░рдгрдВ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рднрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЪрдВ рдирд╛рд╣реА рдХрд╛!

рдмрд╣реБрддрд╛рдВрд╢рд╡реЗрд│рд╛ рдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдарддреЗрд╡рд░ рдЬреЗ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░ рдХреЗрд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛рдд рддреНрдпрд╛рддреВрди рдЖрд░рд╛рдо рдорд┐рд│рддрдЪ рдирд╛рд╣реА, рдЕрд╢реА рдПрдХ рдУрд░рдб рдЕрд╕рддреЗ. рддреЗ рдЦрд░рдВ рдЖрд╣реЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдарддрд╛ рд╣реЛрдгреНрдпрд╛рдорд╛рдЧреЗ рдирд┐рд░рдирд┐рд░рд╛рд│реЗ рдШрдЯрдХ рдХрд╛рд░рдгреАрднреВрдд рдЕрд╕рддрд╛рдд рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЖрдкрдг рддреНрдпрд╛рддрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдХреБрдард▓реНрдпрд╛рддрд░реА рдПрдХрд╛рдЪ рдШрдЯрдХрд╛рдЪрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реВрди рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░рддреЛ. рддреНрдпрд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рдЖрд░рд╛рдо рдорд┐рд│рдд рдирд╛рд╣реА рдЙрд▓рдЯ рддреНрд░рд╛рд╕ рдЧрдВрднреАрд░ рд╣реЛрддреЛ. рд╣реАрдЪ рдЧреЛрд╖реНрдЯ рдзреНрдпрд╛рдирд╛рдд рдШреЗрдКрди, рдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдарддреЗрдкрд╛рд╕реВрди рдХрд╛рдпрдорд╕реНрд╡рд░реВрдкреАрдЪрд╛ рдЖрд░рд╛рдо рдорд┐рд│рд╡реВрди рджреЗрдгреНрдпрд╛рдд┬а тАШрд╣рд┐рд▓реАрдВрдЧ рд╣реЕрдгреНрдбрд╕ рдХреНрд▓рд┐рдиреАрдХтАЩ рдмрд╣реБрд╡рд┐рдз рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рджреЗрдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдкреНрд░рд╕рд┐рджреНрдз рдЖрд╣реЗ. рд╣рд┐рд▓реАрдВрдЧ рд╣реЕрдгреНрдбрд╕ рдХреНрд▓рд┐рдиреАрдХрдордзреНрдпреЗ рдкрдЪрдирд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рд╢реА рдирд┐рдЧрдбреАрдд рдЖрдЬрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрд╡рд░ рд╕рд░реНрд╡рдВрдХрд╖ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░ рдХреЗрд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛рдд.

рдЖрдЬрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдзрдХрд╛рдзрдХреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЬрдЧрдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдЖрдкрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдЧрд│реНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреАрдЪ рдЬреАрд╡рдирд╢реИрд▓реА рдмрд┐рдШрдбрд▓реА рдЖрд╣реЗ. рдпрд╛ рдмрд┐рдШрдбрд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛┬а рдЬреАрд╡рдирд╢реИрд▓реАрдореБрд│реЗ рдЬрд░ рдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдарддрд╛ рд╣реЛрдд рдЕрд╕реЗрд▓ рддрд░ рдпрд╛ рдХреНрд▓рд┐рдиреАрдХрдЪреЗ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдХ рдЖрдгрд┐ рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рддреАрд▓ рдЕрддреНрдпрдВрдд рдирд╛рд╡рд╛рдЬрд▓реЗрд▓реЗ рдкреНрд░реЙрдХреНрдЯреЛрд▓реЙрдЬрд┐рд╕реНрдЯ рдбреЙ. рдЕрд╢реНтАНрд╡рд┐рди рдкреЛрд░рд╡рд╛рд▓ рдпрд╛рдВрдиреА рд╕реНрд╡рдд: рдПрдХ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рд╢реЛрдзрд▓реА рдЖрд╣реЗ. рдПрдорд╕реАрдбреАрдкреАрдП рдЕрд╕рдВ рдпрд╛рдЪ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдЪрдВ рдирд╛рд╡ рдЖрд╣реЗ. рдпрд╛ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдд рджреЛрди рддреАрди рдЧреЛрд╖реНрдЯреА рдПрдХрддреНрд░рд┐рдд рдХреЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЖрд╣реЗрдд. рддреНрдпрд╛рдд рдХреНрд▓рд┐рдиреАрдХрдордзреНрдпреЗрдЪ рдмрдирд╡рд┐рдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдпреЗрдгрд╛рд░реЗ рд╡рдиреМрд╖рдзреАрдВрдЪреА рд░реЗрдЪрдХ рдФрд╖рдзрд╛рдВрд╕реЛрдмрддрдЪ рдЖрдкрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рд╕рджреЛрд╖ рдЖрд╣рд╛рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдд рдмрджрд▓ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рд╕рдореБрдкрджреЗрд╢рди, рд╕реНрдирд╛рдпреВрдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдмрд│рдХрдЯреАрд╕рд╛рдареА рдлрд┐рдЬрд┐рдпреЛрдереЗрд░реЗрдкреА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЖрдпреБрд░реНрд╡реЗрджреАрдХ рддреЗрд▓рдорд╕рд╛рдЬ рдЕрд╢реА рд╡рд┐рд╡рд┐рдз рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рдПрдХрддреНрд░рд┐рдд рд╡рд╛рдкрд░реВрди рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░ рдХреЗрд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛рдд. рдпреЛрдЧреНрдпрд░рд┐рддреАрдиреЗ рд╣реЗ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░ рдШреЗрддрд▓реНрдпрд╛рд╕ рддреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЕрддреНрдпрдВрдд рдЪрд╛рдВрдЧрд▓рд╛ рдлрд╛рдпрджрд╛ рд╣реЛрддреЛ. рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдарддреЗрдЪрд╛ рд╕рд╛рддрддреНрдпрд╛рдиреЗ рддреНрд░рд╛рд╕ рд╣реЛрддреЛ рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдХреЛрд▓реЛрди рд╣рд╛рдпрдбреНрд░реЛрдереЗрд░реЗрдкреА рд╣реА рдХреНрд▓рд┐рдирдЭреАрдВрдЧ рддрдВрддреНрд░ рд╡рд╛рдкрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдпреЗрддреЗ. рдпрд╛ рддрдВрддреНрд░рд╛рдд рддрд╛рдкрдорд╛рди рд╡ рджрд╛рдм рдирд┐рдпрдВрддреНрд░реАрдд рдкрд╛рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рд╡рд╛рдкрд░ рдХрд░реВрди рдкреЛрдЯ рд╕рд╛рдл рдХреЗрд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рддреЗ.

рдбреЙ. рдкреЛрд░рд╡рд╛рд▓ рдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛рд╕реЛрдмрдд рджреАрд░реНрдШрдХрд╛рд│ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░рдгрд╛рд░реЗ рдбреЙ. рдиреЗрд╣рд▓ рдкрдЯреЗрд▓ рд╣реЗ рдпрд╛ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрд╡рд┐рд╖рдпреА рдореНрд╣рдгрд╛рд▓реЗ, тАШрдЧрдВрднреАрд░ рддреНрд░рд╛рд╕ рд╣реЛрдгрд╛рд░реНтАНрдпрд╛ рд░реВрдЧреНрдгрд╛рдВрдЪреА рдиреЗрдордХреА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЧреБрдВрддрд╛рдЧреБрдВрддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░рдгрд╛рдЪрдВ рдирд┐рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдПрдордЖрд░рдЖрдп рдбрд┐рдлреЗрдХреЙрдЧреНрд░рд╛рдлреА рд╣реА рддрдкрд╛рд╕рдгреА рдХреЗрд▓реА рдЬрд╛рддреЗ. рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рд╢рд╛рд░рд░рд┐рдХ рд╕рдорд╕реНрдпрд╛ рдЕрд╕рддрд╛рдд рдЬрд╕реЗ рдХреА рдЧреБрджрд╛рд╢рдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЕрд░реНрдВрддрд░рд╛рд│ рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рдЧреБрджрд╛рд╢рдпрдЪ рдЦрд╛рд▓реА рд╕рд░рдХрдгреЗ (рд░реЗрдХреНрдЯреЛрд╕реЗрд▓) рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рдорд▓рд╡рд┐рд╕рд░реНрдЬрди рди рд╣реЛрдгреЗ рдЕрд╢рд╛ рд░реВрдЧреНрдгрд╛рдВрд╕рд╛рдареА рд╕реНрдЯрд╛рд░рд░ (рдПрд╕рдЯреАрдЖрд░рдЖрд░) рд╕рд░реНрдЬрд░реА рдЙрдкрдпреБрдХреНрдд рдард░реВ рд╢рдХрддреЗ. рдпрд╛ рд╕рд░реНрдЬрд░реАрдиреЗ рдЖрд░рд╛рдо рдорд┐рд│рд╛рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЪрдВ рд░реВрдЧреНрдг рд╕рд╛рдВрдЧрддрд╛рдд. рд╕реНрддреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛рдмрд╛рдмрдд рдмрджреНрдзрдХреЛрд╖реНрдарддрд╛ рд╣реА рдореБрддреНрд░рд╛рд╢рдпрд╛рд╢реА рдирд┐рдЧрдбреАрдд рдЕрд╕рддреЗ. рдЕрд╢рд╛ рд╕реНрддреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдЦреЛрдХрддрд╛рдирд╛ рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдпрд╛рдо рдХрд░рддрд╛рдирд╛ рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рд▓рдШрд╡реА рд╣реЛрддреЗ. рдЕрд╢рд╛ рдШрдЯрдиреЗрд╕рд╛рдареА рдкрдЯреЗрд▓ рдкреЙрдкреНрд╕ (рдкреАрдУрдкреАрдПрд╕) рд╣реА рд╕рд░реНрдЬрд░реА рд╕реБрдЪрд╡рддрд╛рдд. рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖ рдореНрд╣рдгрдЬреЗ рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рдд рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд╛рдд рдкрд╣рд┐рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдВрджрд╛ рд╣реА рд╕рд░реНрдЬрд░реА тАШрд╣рд┐рд▓реАрдВрдЧ рд╣реЕрдгреНрдбрд╕ рдХреНрд▓рд┐рдиреАрдХтАЩрдиреЗ рдХреЗрд▓реА. рдпрд╛ рд╕рд░реНрдЬрд░реАрдореБрд│реЗ рдЦрд╛рд▓реА рдЧрд│рд▓реЗрд▓реЗ рдЕрд╡рдпрд╡ рддреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдЧреА рдкреБрдиреНрд╣рд╛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╡реВрди рддреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реА рдкреБрдиреНрд╣рд╛ рд╕реБрд░реВ рд╣реЛрддреЗ. рдореНрд╣рдгреВрдирдЪ рдпрд╛ рд╕рд░реНрдЬрд░реАрдиреЗ рдХрд┐рддреА рддрд░реА рд╕реНрддреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛рдВрдЪрдВ рджреБрдЦрдгрдВ рдХрдореА рдЭрд╛рд▓рдВ рдЖрд╣реЗ.

рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдз, рдлрд┐рд╕реНрддреБрд▓рд╛, рдкрд┐рд╕реЛрдирд┐рдпрд╕ рд╕рд╛рдпрдирд╕рдЪреЗ рд╕реЛрдкреЗ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░

рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдз рдлрд┐рд╕реНрддреБрд▓рд╛ рдкрд┐рд╕реЛрдирд┐рдпрд╕ рд╕рд╛рдпрдирд╕рдЪреЗ рд╕реЛрдкреЗ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░

рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдзрд╛рдЪрд╛ рддреНрд░рд╛рд╕ рд╣реЛрддреЛрдп рдЕрд╕рдВ рдореНрд╣рдгрдгрд╛рд░реНтАНрдпрд╛ рдорд╛рдгрд╕рд╛рдВрдЪреА рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рджрд┐рд╡рд╕реЗрдВрджрд┐рд╡рд╕ рд╡рд╛рдврдд рдЖрд╣реЗ. рджреЛрдирд╛рдд рдПрдХ рдЕрд╕рдВ рдпрд╛рдЪрдВ рдЧреБрдгреЛрддреНрддрд░ рдЕрд╕реВрди рд╣реА рдзреЛрдХреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рдШрдВрдЯрд╛ рдЖрд╣реЗ. рдореБрд│рд╛рддрдЪ рдЖрдпреБрд╖реНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХреБрдард▓реНрдпрд╛ рдирд╛ рдХреБрдард▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЯрдкреНрдкреНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░ рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпреЗрдХрд╛рд▓рд╛рдЪ рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдзреАрдЪрд╛ рддреНрд░рд╛рд╕ рд╣реЛрддреЛ. рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдзреАрдЪрд╛ рддреНрд░рд╛рд╕ рд╕реНрд╡рдд:рдмрд╛рдмрдд рдЕрд╕реЛ рд╡рд╛ рдХреБрдЯреБрдВрдмрд╛рддрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЕрдиреНрдп рдХреЛрдгрд╛рдмрд░реЛрдмрд░ рд░рдХреНрдд рдЬрд╛рдгреЗ рд╣рд╛ рдШрдЯрдХ рддрд░ рдХреЛрдгрд╛рд▓рд╛рд╣реА рдШрд╛рдмрд░рд╡рдгрд╛рд░рд╛рдЪ рдЖрд╣реЗ. рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдз рдмрд░рд╛ рдХрд░рдгрд╛рд░рд╛ рд╕реЛрдкрд╛ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░ рдореНрд╣рдгрдгрд╛рд░реНтАНрдпрд╛ рдЕрд╕рдВрдЦреНрдп рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░рд╛рдд рдЖрд╣реЗрдд. рддреНрдпрд╛рддреАрд▓ рдХрд╛рд╣реА рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдВрдордзреНрдпреЗ рддрд░ рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рджреГрд╖реНрдЯреАрдХреЛрди, рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рд╕рдлрд╛рдИрджреЗрдЦреАрд▓ рдирд╛рд╣реА. рддреНрдпрд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рдХреЛрдгрддреА рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░ рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рд╕реНрд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рд╡реА рдпрд╛рдмрд╛рдмрдд рд╕рд╛рд╣рдЬрд┐рдХрдЪ рд░реВрдЧреНрдгрд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рдЧреЛрдВрдзрд│ рдЙрдбрддреЛ. рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдз рдЖрдгрд┐ рдлрд┐рд╕реНрддреБрд▓рд╛ рдмрд░рдВ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдкрд╛рд░рдВрдкрд░рд┐рдХ рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдиреЗ рдХреЗрд▓реА рдЬрд╛рдгрд╛рд░реА рд╕рд░реНрдЬрд░реА рддрд░ рд╡реЗрджрдирд╛рджрд╛рдпрдХ рдЖрд╣реЗрдЪ рдкрд░рдВрддреБ рддреНрдпрд╛рддреВрди рд░рд┐рдХрд╡реНрд╣рд░ рд╣реЛрдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареАрд╕реБрджреНрдзрд╛ рджреАрд░реНрдШрдХрд╛рд│ рд▓рд╛рдЧрддреЛ.

рд╕рдзреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдЪрд▓рд┐рдд рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░рд╛рдЪрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реВрди рдХреЛрд▓реЛрд░реЗрдХреНрдЯрд▓ рд╕рд░реНрдЬрди рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╣рд┐рд▓реАрдВрдЧ рд╣реЕрдгреНрдбрд╕ рдХрд┐рд▓реНрдирд┐рдХрдЪреЗ рдбреЙ. рдЕрд╢реНтАНрд╡рд┐рди рдкреЛрд░рд╡рд╛рд▓ рдпрд╛рдВрдиреА рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдз, рдлрд┐рд╕реНрддреБрд▓рд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЗрддрд░ рдЧреБрджрд╛рд╢рдп рд╡ рдорд▓рдорд╛рд░реНрдЧрд╛рд╢реАрд╕рдВрдмрдВрдзреАрдд рдЖрдЬрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрд╡рд░ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░рдгрд╛рд░реА рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рд╢реЛрдзрд▓реА рдЖрд╣реЗ. рдпрд╛ рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдд рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдзреАрд╕рд╛рдареА рд▓рд┐рдУрдирд╛рд░реНрдбреЛ рд▓реЗрд╕рд░ рдЯреНрд░реАрдЯрдореЗрдВрдЯ рд╡рд╛рдкрд░реА рдЬрд╛рддреЗ. рдпрд╛ рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдиреЗ рд░реВрдЧреНрдгрд╛рд▓рд╛ рддрд╛рддрдбреАрдиреЗ рдлрд░рдХ рдкрдбрддреЛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдореБрдЦреНрдп рдореНрд╣рдгрдЬреЗ рдЖрдЬрд╛рд░ рдкреБрдиреНрд╣рд╛ рдЙрджреНрднрд╡рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рд╢рдХреНрдпрддрд╛рд╣реА рдЦреВрдк рдХрдореА рдЖрд╣реЗ. рдХреБрдард▓реНрдпрд╛рд╣реА рдХрд╛рдкрд╛рдХрд╛рдкреАрд╢рд┐рд╡рд╛рдп рд╣реЛрдгрд╛рд░реА рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡реЗрджрдирд╛рд╣реАрди рдЕрд╕рдгрд╛рд░реА рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рдЖрд╣реЗ. рддреНрдпрд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рд░реВрдЧреНрдг рдкреБрдврдЪреНрдпрд╛ рей рддреЗ рел рджрд┐рд╡рд╕рд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЖрд░рд╛рдорд╛рдирдВрддрд░ рдирд┐рдпрдорд┐рдд рдХрд╛рдореЗ рдХрд░реВ рд╢рдХрддрд╛рдд. рд▓рд┐рдУрдирд╛рд░реНрдбреЛ рд▓реЗрд╕рд░ рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдЪрд╛ рдлрд╛рдпрджрд╛ рдлрд┐рд╕реНрддреБрд▓рд╛ рдЭрд╛рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рд░реВрдЧреНрдгрд╛рдВрдирд╛рд╣реА рд╣реЛрддреЛ. рдкрд┐рд╕реЛрдирд┐рдпрд╕ рд╕рд╛рдпрдирд╕ рд╣рд╛ рдЖрдЬрд╛рд░ рддрд░ рд╕рд╣рдЬрд╛рд╕рд╣рдЬреА рдмрд░рд╛ рд╣реЛрдд рдирд╛рд╣реА рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рдпрд╛рд╣реА рдЖрдЬрд╛рд░рд╛рдмрд╛рдмрдд рд▓реЗрд╕рд░ рдЯреНрд░реАрдЯрдореЗрдВрдЯ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░рдд рдЕрд╕рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЪреЗ рджрд┐рд╕рдд рдЖрд╣реЗ.

рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рддреАрд▓ рдкреНрд░рдгреЗрддреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдирд╛рдорд╡рдВрдд рдкреНрд░реЛрдХреНрдЯреЛрд▓реЕрд╛рдЬрд┐рд╕реНрдЯ рдбреЙ. рдЕрд╢реНтАНрд╡рд┐рди рдкреЛрд░рд╡рд╛рд▓ рдпрд╛рдВрдиреА рдЖрддреНрддрд╛рдкрд░реНрдпрдВрдд рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдзреАрдЪреЗ рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░реЛ рд░реВрдЧреНрдгрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдмрд░реЗ рдХреЗрд▓реЗ рдЖрд╣реЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдлрд┐рд╕реНрддреБрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЕрддреНрдпрдВрдд рдЧреБрдВрддрд╛рдЧреБрдВрддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХреЗрд╕рдордзреАрд▓ рд░реБрдЧреНрдгрд╛рдВрдирд╛рд╣реА рдпрд╢рд╕реНрд╡реАрд░рд┐рддреНрдпрд╛ рдмрд░реЗ рдХреЗрд▓реЗ рдЖрд╣реЗ. рдбреЙ. рдкреЛрд░рд╡рд╛рд▓ рдореНрд╣рдгрд╛рд▓реЗ, тАШрд╢реМрдЪрд╛рд╕рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛рд╡реЗрд│реА рд░рдХреНрдд рдЬрд╛рдгреЗ рд╣реА рдирд┐рд╢реНтАНрдЪрд┐рддрдЪ рднреАрддреАрджрд╛рдпрдХ рдмрд╛рдм рдЖрд╣реЗ. рддреНрдпрд╛рдореБрд│реЗрдЪ рдЖрдореНрд╣реА рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдзреАрд╕рд╛рдареА рд▓реЗрд╕рд░ рд╣рд┐рдореЛрд░реНтАНрд╣реЛрдбреЛрдкреНрд▓рд╛рд╕реНрдЯреА (рдПрд▓рдПрдЪрдкреА) рдЖрдгрд┐ рдлрд┐рд╕реНрддреБрд▓рд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдлрд┐рд╕реНрддреБрд▓рд╛ рдЯреНрд░реЕрдХреНрдЯ рд▓реЗрд╕рд░ рдХреНрд▓реЛрдЬрд░ рдпрд╛ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рд╢реЛрдзрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЖрд╣реЗрдд. рдкреНрд░реЛрдХреНрдЯреЛрд▓реЙрдЬреАрддреАрд▓ рдпрд╛ рджреЛрдиреНрд╣реА рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рдЕрддреНрдпрдВрдд рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рдЕрд╕реВрди┬а рдорд╛рдЭреНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдЬрдкрд░реНрдпрдВрддрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЕрдиреБрднрд╡рд╛рдЪрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХреЗрд▓рд╛ рддрд░ рдореБрд│рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдзреАрдЪреА рдиреБрдХрддреАрдЪ рд╕реБрд░рд╡рд╛рдд рдЭрд╛рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рд░реВрдЧреНрдгрд╛рдВрд╕рд╛рдареА рддрд░ рдпрд╛ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рдЕрддреНрдпрдВрдд рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНтАНрд╡рд╕рдиреАрдп рдЖрд╣реЗрдд. рдлрд┐рд╕реНрддреБрд▓рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрднрд╛рддрд╣реА рд╣реА рдкрджреНрдзрдд рдЙрдкрдХрд╛рд░рдХ рдард░рд▓реА рдЖрд╣реЗ. рд▓рд┐рдУрдирд╛рд░реНрдбреЛ рд▓реЗрд╕рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдиреЗ рдЖрдореНрд╣реА рдЕрдЧрджреА рдЕрд╡рдШрдб рдХреЗрд╕реЗрд╕рдордзреНрдпреЗ рдпрд╢ рдорд┐рд│рд╡рд▓рдВ рдЖрд╣реЗ. рдЬреНрдпрд╛ рдХреЗрд╕рдордзреНрдпреЗ рдЗрддрд░ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдиреА рдлрд░рдХ рдкрдбрд▓рд╛ рдирд╛рд╣реА рдЕрд╢рд╛рд╣реА рдХреЗрд╕рдордзреНрдпреЗ рд╣реА рд▓реЗрд╕рд░рдкрджреНрдзрдд рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░реВрди рдЧреЗрд▓реА. рдЖрдкрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдЬрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдзрд╛рдВрджрд▓рдШрд╛рдИрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЬреАрд╡рдирд╢реИрд▓реАрдд рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпреЗрдХрд╛рд▓рд╛рдЪ рддреНрд╡рд░рд┐рдд рдЖрдгрд┐ рдкрд░рд┐рдгрд╛рдордХрд╛рд░рдХ рдЙрдкрдЪрд╛рд░ рд╣рд╡реЗ рдЕрд╕рддрд╛рдд. рд▓реЗрд╕рд░рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рдиреЗрдордХрдВ рддреЗрдЪ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░рддреЗ.тАЩ